Laser is light transformed into heat. This heat leads to the destruction of the varicose vein. The laser can be used inside the vein with a fibre (endovenous) for large varicose veins or through the skin (exovenous or exodermal) for small varicose veins ().

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Laser is light energy which comes from different possible sources. The most frequent source in EVLT is a diode laser whose active environment is a semiconductor crystal composed of neutral atom arranged in a crystalline structure.

The most frequently used semiconductor in the field of semiconductor lasers is gallium arsenide.

Various factors such as wavelength, irradiance, firing length and beam shape combine to produce a laser beam that is converted into light, which has specific characteristics in terms of reflection, absorption and diffusion.
This light then transfers heat (thermal diffusivity and thermal relaxation time).

The heat produced leads to tissue denaturation due to irreversible thermal damage and tissue coagulation. The speed of tissue denaturation depends on the molecular structure of the tissues being treated.

Firing length is expressed in joules/cm (J/cm) and varies according to the diameter of the varicose vein to be treated. There are two different modes, the pulsed mode and the continuous mode, which are equally effective and are used according to the preference of the practitioner. The minimal energy necessary for the destruction of a varicose vein with a diameter of 3 mm is 15 joules/cm in the pulsed mode or 65 joules/cm in the continuous mode. These values vary slightly depending on the different wavelengths.